刘意青简明英国文学史笔记及题库简介：
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刘意青简明英国文学史笔记及题库部分摘录：
I.Background Knowledge（背景知识）
ABrief Account of the History of the 17th Century（17世纪历史状况概述）
（1）The 17th century was one of the most tumultuous periods in British history.
17世纪是英国历史上最为动荡的时期。
（2）Queen Elizabeth remained unmarried and had no children，so after her death，the house of Tudor ended.James I of Scotland became King of England，ushering in the Stuart dynasty.
伊丽莎白女王终生未嫁，没有子嗣，所以她去世后，都铎王朝的统治就结束了，苏格兰的詹姆斯一世成为英国国王，开始了斯图亚特王朝的统治。
（3）Monarchy stil represented the interests of feudal lords and hindered the development of capitalism.By the time of Charles I，the conflict between the two sides had intensified.
君主政体仍然代表着封建领主的利益，阻碍了资本主义的发展。到了查理一世时期，双方矛盾激化。
（4）In 1649，Charles I was defeated by parliamentary forces led by Cromwell and sent to the guillotine.With the victory of the bourgeoisie，a republic was established in Britain.
1649年，查理一世被克伦威尔领导的议会军队打败，被送上断头台。随着资产阶级的胜利，英国建立了共和国。
（5）There were more and more Puritans.
出现了越来越多的清教徒。
（6）In 1653，Cromwell began a military dictatorship in the country.On his death in 1658，he wassucceeded by his son，who was weak and lacked leadership.The restoration was achieved in 1660
when Charles I"s son Charles II succeeded to the throne.
2、Chief Literary Achievements of the Century（本世纪的主要文学成就）A.The Bible（《圣经》）
（1）The Bible，together with Greek and Roman mythology and philosophy，is considered one of the fountainheads of Western Civilization.
《圣经》和古希腊古罗马的神话和哲学一并成为西方文明的源泉。
（2）It has two divisions:the Old Testament and the New Testament.The former was first written in Hebrew，then into Greek，then Latin；the latter was first written in Greek and later translated into Latin.
《圣经》有两部分：《旧约》和《新约》。《旧约》起初由希伯来语写成，后翻译成希腊语，再译成拉丁语；《新约》起初由希腊语写成，后译成拉丁语。
（3）James I completed his translation of“The King James Bible”in standard English.
詹姆斯一世用标准的英语完成了《钦定本圣经》的翻译。
3.Poetry（诗歌）
（1）There was a group of poets that John Dryden later called“metaphysical poets."The chief representatives are John Donne，Andrew Marvell，and George Herbert.
出现了一批诗人，后来被约翰·德莱顿称为“玄学派诗人”。主要代表人物有约翰·多恩、安德鲁·马维尔和乔治·赫伯特。
（2）Another group of poets was called the Cavalier Poets.They were often courtiers and squires in support of King Charles I against Parliament and Puritans.
另一批诗人被称为骑士派诗人。他们通常是查理一世的侍臣和乡绅，反对议会和清教徒。
（3）The third is the epic by John Milton.
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