清朝可以说是生于不义，死于耻辱，泱泱大国在晚清的手中成了西方帝国主义眼中的肥肉，懦弱无能的清政府彻底丢掉了中国的尊严。并且在能人志士的救国抱负下没有一丝悔改，并且不断地打压和破坏拯救中国的希望。在美版知乎Quora上，美国网友提问道：为什么许多中国人这么厌恶历史上的清朝？这引起各国网友的围观和热议，我们来看看他们的观点。
问题：为什么许多中国人厌恶历史上的清朝？
中国网友托尼•朱的回答
When it comes to the Qing government, many people are very disgusted. Why do so many people hate the Qing Dynasty? What did the Qing Dynasty do to make the Chinese people so disgusted? The so-called ""distance produces beauty"", the Qing Dynasty is very close to the contemporary, so our eyes can always clearly see the actions of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty.
说到清政府，很多人都非常反感。为什么那么多人憎恨清朝统治者？清朝做了什么让中国人如此厌恶？所谓“距离产生美”，清朝很接近当代，所以我们的眼睛总能清晰地看到清朝统治者的所作所为。
In the final analysis, it is because the Qing Dynasty created evil consequences and will be borne by future generations. The judgment on the monument to the people"s heroes can be traced back to 1840. The Opium War, which humiliated China, heralded the arrival of modern history and the beginning of the decline of China"s great power.
说到底，是因为大清制造了恶果，并将由子孙后代承担，人民英雄纪念碑上的判决可以追溯到1840年。让中国饱受羞辱的鸦片战争预示着近代历史的到来，也预示着中国大国衰落的开始。
鸦片战争
In the past 100 years, from the officers and soldiers of the Qing Dynasty being knocked down by a team of 1000 people with foreign guns to the powers dividing the sphere of influence in China and trying to carve up China, the national self-confidence and national consciousness have been seriously hit. Looking back on this century long history of humiliation, the Chinese people will inevitably be angry.
在过去的100年里，从清朝官兵被手执洋枪的千人队伍打倒，到列强在中国划分势力范围试图瓜分中国，民族自信心和民族意识受到严重打击，回首这个百年屈辱的历史，中国人难免会有愤怒。
Chinese people"s feelings towards the Qing Dynasty should be similar to those of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty. Shameful humiliation, absurd failure and the indignation of foreign enemies all accumulated and formed explosive energy in the social public opinion at that time. At that time, the Han nationality was a vulnerable group excluded and discriminated against by the main rulers of the Qing Dynasty. Of course, the following factors make the Chinese hate the feudal rulers of the Qing Dynasty.
中国人对清朝的感情应该类似于南宋和北宋。可耻的屈辱、荒谬的失败，以及外敌侮辱的愤怒，都在当时的社会舆论中积累并形成爆发的能量。当时，汉族是被清朝的主要统治者排斥和歧视的弱势群体。当然， 还有以下因素使中国人憎恨清朝封建统治者。
1.屠杀汉族/ Massacre of Han nationality
The rulers of the Qing Dynasty did a lot of bad things when they entered the Central Plains. It shut down arable land, established pastures and killed people. The most hateful thing is that it broke through the city during the Southern Ming Dynasty, slaughtering all men, women, old and young, and exposing corpses in the wilderness, such as the 10th massacre in Yangzhou and the 3rd massacre in Jiading.
清朝统治者进入中原，做了很多坏事。它关闭了耕地，建立了牧场，杀害了人民。最可恨的是，它在南明时期攻破城池，不分男女老幼，皆屠戮殆尽，暴尸荒野，如扬州十日、嘉定三屠等。
2.剃发/haircut
In order to rule China effectively, the rulers of the Manchu and Qing Dynasties issued a shaving order, stipulating that all men should shave their hair and keep braids. If they want to keep their hair, they can"t keep their head. The Chinese were forced to maintain this extremely ugly hairstyle, so hundreds of years later, Westerners laughed at the Chinese with ""pig tail"".
为了能够有效地统治中国，满清王朝的统治者颁布剃须令，规定所有男人都应该剃头发，留辫子，想留头发就不能留脑袋。中国人被迫保持这种极其丑陋的发型，因此数百年后，西方人用“猪尾巴”嘲笑中国人。
Therefore, the Qing Dynasty has aroused people"s dissatisfaction both from the perspective of Han nationalism and from the perspective of safeguarding human rights.
因此，无论是从汉族民族主义的角度，还是从维护人权的角度，清朝都引起了人们的不满。
清军入关
3.文字狱/ Literary prison
People have just settled down. Three emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong established a literary prison. They played some unnecessary word games, killed a large number of literary officials and kept people silent.
人们刚刚安顿下来，三代帝王康熙雍正和乾隆皇帝建立了文字狱。他们大玩一些莫须有的文字游戏，杀死了大量的文人官员，让人们噤若寒蝉。
In addition, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty took advantage of the convenience of repairing the Siku Quanshu and destroyed a large number of books, which was a huge loss of Chinese culture. Sun Yat Sen once lamented: ""the Qing Dynasty has been in power for 300 years. Fooling the Han people is the first priority of its reactionary rule. After cruel suppression, the civil resistance force is weak, so that it leads to the decline of China today.""
此外，清朝统治者利用修缮四库全书的便利，毁坏了大量书籍，这是中国文化的巨大损失。孙中山曾感叹：“清朝掌权300年，愚弄汉人是其反动统治的第一要务，经过残酷镇压，民间反抗势力微弱，以至于酿成中国今日的衰败。” 「清虜執政於茲三百年矣，以愚弄漢人為治世第一義……經滿政府多方面之摧殘籠絡，致民間無一毫之反動力，以釀成今日之衰敗。」
4.清政府逆历史潮流而动的政策/ The Qing government"s policy against the historical trend
The Qing Dynasty promulgated the ""order of banning the sea"", ""order of moving the sea"" and other policies, which made China embark on the road of seclusion and isolation from the world, resulting in China"s backwardness and being beaten.
清朝颁布了《禁海令》、《移海令》等政策，使中国走上了闭关锁国、与世隔绝的道路，导致了中国的落后和挨打。
5.签订不平等条约/ Sign unequal treaties
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty were in an unconscious state and closed the country for a long time, unable to keep up with the development of the times. Europe entered the industrial revolution, which led to China"s backwardness. Subsequently, European and American powers invaded China, and the Qing Dynasty signed a large number of unequal treaties. Land division and compensation led to China"s poverty and weakness, so that the Chinese people struggled for more than 100 years.
清朝末年，清朝统治者处于无意识状态，长期闭关锁国，跟不上时代的发展，欧洲进入工业革命，导致了中国落后。随后，欧美列强入侵中国，清朝签订了大量不平等条约，土地分割和赔款导致了中国的贫困和虚弱，以至于中国人为此斗争了100多年。
6.清政府差点让中国灭亡/ The Qing government almost destroyed China
The performance of the Qing Dynasty in modern times experienced many failures, loss of power and national humiliation, as well as land compensation. Looking back on the prosperity in Chinese history, how can the Qing Dynasty not be hated? If the foreign war fails and an unequal treaty is signed, it is fair to say, but even if the war is won, the Manchu and Qing government still signs an unequal treaty, such as the Sino French war, which is really shameful. Later, Cixi, the culprit of the Eight Power Allied forces" invasion of China, could even say such shameless words as ""measuring the material resources of China and making the country happy"".
清朝在近代的表现经历了多次失败、丧失权力和国耻，以及土地赔偿。回顾中国历史上的繁荣，清朝怎能不被憎恨？如果对外战斗失败，签署一项不平等条约，尚且说得过去，可就算打赢了，满清政府仍去签署不平等条约，比如中法战争，这就真的很可耻了。后来，导致八国联军入侵中国的罪魁祸首慈禧甚至可以说“量中华之物力，结与国之欢心”这样的无耻言语。
签订不平等条约
I don"t want to list other things. Aren"t the above points enough to make the Chinese hate the Qing Dynasty? I believe that if a dynasty decays and falls, it will delay the development of the whole country. If the Qing Dynasty had the ability to fight against the invaders, but did not want to make progress, bowed to the outside world and bullied the weak at home, wouldn"t this dynasty be disgusting?
其他事情不想继续列举，以上几点还不足以让中国人厌恶清朝吗？我认为，如果一个王朝腐朽落败，就会延误整个国家的发展。如果清朝有能力与侵略者作战，却不思进取，对外卑躬屈膝，对内恃强凌弱，那么这个王朝难道不值得厌恶吗？
印尼网友查晧迪的回答
Although the Chinese generally accept the Qing Dynasty as China"s native Dynasty; Many Chinese, mainly Han Chinese, hated the Qing Dynasty because of its historical characteristics.
虽然中国人普遍接受清朝为中国本土王朝；许多中国人，主要是汉族人，因为历史特征而厌恶清朝。
In the eyes of the Chinese people, they have established an excellent civilization. Their civilization process is a series of incredible historical stories, miracles, heroes and tragedies, but on the whole, they are very proud because they used to be one of the largest and greatest forces in the world. In fact, before the Qing Dynasty, China was a country that no one dared to touch.
在中国人的心目中，他们建立了一个卓越的文明。他们的文明进程是一系列令人难以置信的历史故事、奇迹、英雄、悲剧，但总的来说，他们非常自豪，因为他们曾经是世界上最大、最伟大的力量之一，事实上，在清朝之前，中国是一个没人敢碰的国家。
Then, the Qing Dynasty entered the customs and expanded its territory in the next rule.
然后，清朝入关，在接下来的统治中，扩张了版图。
But the Qing Dynasty itself destroyed the country. Due to the lack of reform, little attention to society, and the contempt of the Han people for the Manchu minority, a series of national and military rebellions against the dynasty were triggered. Its failure to stop the conquest of Europe and Japan was also a later factor. In most cases, the imperial rulers of the Qing Dynasty corroded the whole country, from literature, education to military, and plunged the most prosperous country in the world into decline.
但清朝自己也毁了这个国家。由于缺乏改革，对社会的关注很少，以及汉族人对少数民族满族人的蔑视，引发了一系列针对该王朝的民族和军事叛乱。它未能阻止欧洲和日本的征服也是后来的一些因素。大多数情况下，清朝皇室统治者腐蚀了整个国家，从文学、教育到军事，使世界上最繁荣的国家陷入了衰落。
美国专家麦道克•威廉姆斯的回答
They were disgusted by the fact that it had failed. This once the largest, richest, most educated and technologically advanced country failed. It also failed when it came to power in the Qing Dynasty.
他们对它失败的事实感到厌恶。这个曾经最大、最富有、最有文化、技术最先进的国家失败了，它在清朝掌权时也失败了。
China"s ruling class did not show creativity, initiative and leadership in the 19th century, but gave in. ""Barbaric"" countries such as Britain, France, Germany and Japan are cutting off part of China. The Qing Dynasty did not solve this problem fast enough, nor did it realize China"s modernization fast enough, which led to the long-term poverty and hunger of the Chinese people and became the victims of warlords, bandits and evil Japanese soldiers.
中国的统治阶级在19世纪没有表现出创造力、主动性和领导力，而是屈服了。英国、法国、德国和日本等“野蛮”国家正在割断中国的一部分。清朝没有足够快地解决这个问题，也没有足够快地实现中国的现代化，这导致中国人长期贫穷、饥饿，成为军阀、土匪和邪恶的日本士兵的牺牲品。
For this oldest and most civilized country, it is very humiliating to have to experience such a thing. To make matters worse, the Qing Dynasty was not even orthodox Chinese! They are only the descendants of the nomadic people in the north.
对于这个最古老、最文明的国家来说，不得不经历这样的事情是非常丢脸的。更糟糕的是，清朝甚至不是正统的中国人！他们只是北方游牧民族的后代。
The peasant uprising plunged the Ming Dynasty into decline. The Manchu, a minority from outside the Great Wall, took advantage of it. From 1644, they swept China and forced the Nanming regime to retreat. It is the uninvited Chinese people who have no power to occupy the alien world and force them to fall into the shackles of barbarism.
农民起义让明朝陷入衰落，满族是一个来自长城之外的少数民族，他们趁虚而入，从1644年开始，横扫中国，逼得南明政权节节败退。他们是不速之客、机会主义的野蛮人，他们没有权力占据本属于汉人的地界，他们迫使中国人民陷入异族统治的束缚。
China"s ideological situation in the Qing Dynasty was backward and closed. The Chinese remember that this is an era of rampant corruption, ignorance of knowledge and inability to see external dangers from the inside. As outsiders, they were extremely cautious. The feudal emperors spent a lot of time restricting freedom of speech, censoring and restricting literature, and isolating China from the outside world.
中国在清朝时期的思想状况落后且封闭。中国人记得这是一个腐败猖獗、知识愚昧、无法从内部看到外部危险的时代。作为外人，他们格外谨慎小心，封建皇帝们花了大量时间限制言论自由、审查和限制文学，并将中国与外部世界隔离开来。
Later, they could have learned a lot from the western world. Although there were dangers at the same time, they regarded themselves as China and missed the opportunity of the industrial revolution.
后来他们本可以从西方世界可以学到很多东西，尽管危险也同时存在，但他们却以天朝上国自居，错过了工业革命的机会。
When China was attacked, they saw the mountains and rivers broken but could do nothing. Our ancestors drove sailboats and later steamships, carrying guns, cannons, railways and telegrams to trade, colonize and export gold and raw materials.
当中国受到攻击时，他们眼见山河破碎却无能为力，我们的祖先开着帆船，后来又开着汽船，带着枪支、大炮、铁路和电报等等，贸易、殖民，输出黄金和原料。
Although some Manchu and Qing bureaucrats, including Empress Dowager Cixi, made some attempts, they only wanted to maintain their rule. When people need to come up with new and bold solutions and creative and original ideas, they are always secretly dealt with by the authorities. The education system of the Qing Dynasty only taught literati how to control China and kept people docile under the current situation.
尽管包括慈禧太后在内的一些满清官僚做出了一些尝试，却只是为了维持自己的统治。当人们需要想出新的、大胆的解决方案和创造性的、独创性的想法时，却总会被当局秘密处理掉。清朝的教育制度只教会文人如何控制中国，让人们在现状下保持温顺。
To make matters worse, the bureaucratic system takes up a lot of time, energy and resources. The beneficiaries of the system are often stereotyped and shockingly corrupt. The Qing Dynasty was criticized for this. It was not competent for China"s modernization.
更糟糕的是，官僚系统占用了大量的时间、精力和资源。该体系的受益者往往墨守成规，腐败得令人震惊。清朝为此受到指责，它根本不能胜任中国现代化的工作。
But I think if the Ming Dynasty lasted until 1911, they might make many of the same mistakes, because many restrictive ideas of the Qing government began in the Ming Dynasty.
但我认为，如果明朝一直延续到1911年，他们可能会犯很多同样的错误，这是因为清政府的许多限制性思想都是在明朝时期开始的。
